Raspberry pi: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:raspberry-pi-pinout.png]]
[[Image:raspberry-pi-pinout.png]]
[[Image:pi_zero_pinout.png]]


'''pi zero the original'''
'''pi zero the original'''
Line 472: Line 477:




== Setup process ==
== Generic Setup process ==
 
=== Pre boot ===


* etcher
* etcher
Line 483: Line 490:
  dtoverlay=dwc2
  dtoverlay=dwc2
  enable_uart=1
  enable_uart=1
dtparam=i2c_arm=on
dtparam=i2s=on
dtparam=spi=on
serial speed: 115200


cmdline.txt
cmdline.txt
Line 489: Line 501:


empty ssh file in /
empty ssh file in /


pi@raspberrypi.local
pi@raspberrypi.local
Line 501: Line 512:


* wifi file: /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
* wifi file: /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
<Pre>
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
network={
    ssid="Deluxe"
    scan_ssid=1
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    psk="XXX"
}
network={
    ssid="gopher"
    scan_ssid=1
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    psk="XXX"
}
</pre>
=== secure user account ===
create user account.
give new account same groups as pi user.
lock down pi user
$id pi
uid=1000(pi) gid=1000(pi) groups=1000(pi),4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),27(sudo),29(audio),44(video),46(plugdev),60(games),100(users),105(input),109(netdev),997(gpio),998(i2c),999(spi)
make your new users like thepi user:
<pre>
export USER="fartypants"
for i in pi adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users input netdev gpio i2c spi
do
usermod -a -G ${i} ${USER}
done
for i in adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users input netdev gpio i2c spi
do
deluser pi ${i}
done
</pre>
== AP relay setup ==
reference: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/access-point-routed.md
<pre>
          +- Router ----+
          | Firewall    +-WIFI-(10.23.45.2)-)))
(Internet)+ DHCP server |
          |            +      |                +- AX1500 ----+
          +-+-----------+      +-(192.168.1.114)-+            +-WIFI-(192.168.51.1)-)))
            |                  |                |            |
            +-LAN-(192.168.1.28)+                +-------------+
                      +- PiTwo ----+
                      |            +-WIFI-(192.168.4.1)-)))
(192.168.51.230)-WIFI-+ DHCP server| wlan1
      wlx40a5ef0f87b6 |            + dhcp----+
                      +------------+
 
</pre>

Latest revision as of 18:44, 26 March 2021

config.txt

reference: http://rpf.io/configtxt

on my device I did this:

config.txt 

dtparam=i2c1=on
dtparam=i2c_arm=on
dtparam=i2s=on
dtparam=spi=on
dtoverlay=dwc2
enable_uart=1
start_x=0
gpu_mem=16

some versions:

Pre 20200425 

dtparam=i2c_arm=on
dtparam=i2s=on
dtparam=spi=on
dtparam=audio=on
dtdebug=1
dtoverlay=dwc2

cmdline.txt

one line:

console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=738a4d67-02 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait quiet init=/usr/lib/raspi-config/init_resize.sh

reformat for readability 

console=serial0,115200
console=tty1
root=PARTUUID=738a4d67-02
rootfstype=ext4
elevator=deadline
fsck.repair=yes
rootwait
quiet
init=/usr/lib/raspi-config/init_resize.sh

for network over usb to host add: 

modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

like this: 

dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

crypto for pi?

googled "cryto offload for raspberry pi" feb 4th 2016:

https://jbdatko.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/cryptomakers_nopause.pdf

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9436284 

...
jwr 285 days ago

I think you are entirely missing the point of these Atmel chips.
More generally (and this is not necessarily addressed to you specifically), I find the knee-jerk response of "just use a Raspberry Pi" amusing. I design embedded systems. Raspberry Pi is, at a first approximation, completely useless, for any task you might want to throw at it.
There are many reasons. Power consumption, complexity, failure rate, poor reliability, reliance on SD cards, poor SD card reliability, poor peripherals, poor documentation, I could go on. RPI has two things going for it: 1) the video processing peripherals, 2) publicity/popularity.
Now, when thinking about embedded systems, most of the time I won't even consider things the size of a Pi (or the much, much better BeagleBone Black). They are monsters, enormously complex and power-hungry beasts. What I will consider are MSP430s, STM32s, Kinetis K and L, and similar — so ARM Cortex M0, M0+ and M4 cores, running at about 50MHz, consuming around 60mW of power (about as much as an LED), and taking up about, say, 8mm2 of board space (that includes all necessary passives). These are well documented, have reasonable complexity, and can be programmed carefully to achieve excellent reliability.
These systems also need crypto, and by crypto I don't just mean "accelerated AES". The Atmel security line is not just "accelerators".
In other words, this board is a very interesting prototyping tool, and no, the answer to any problem is not "just use a Raspberry Pi".

Mounting the sd card

under windows host virtual box 

.\VBoxManage.exe internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename "C:\data\VirtualBox VMs\head 100\sdc.vmdk" -rawdisk \\.\PhysicalDrive2


links

serial

source: http://elinux.org/RPi_Serial_Connection

  • Speed (baud rate): 115200
  • Bits: 8
  • Parity: None
  • Stop Bits: 1
  • Flow Control: None

Be sure to connect TX RX and Ground

Took me some time to get this to work.

1. when i had the ground not connected I got spurious characters in the boot process.

2. when I didn't have flow control none I could see the boot process clean but could not type anything.

Networking

/etc/network/interfaces 

config goes in here

IPV6

turn it on or off here: /etc/modprobe.d/ipv6.conf 

blacklist ipv6

ssh over usb

https://www.thepolyglotdeveloper.com/2016/06/connect-raspberry-pi-zero-usb-cable-ssh/

config.txt append: 

dtoverlay=dwc2

cmdline.txt add: 

modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

GPIO

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get install wiringpi
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
wiringpi is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 70 not upgraded.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio -v
gpio version: 2.32
Copyright (c) 2012-2015 Gordon Henderson
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type: gpio -warranty

Raspberry Pi Details:
  Type: Pi Zero, Revision: 03, Memory: 512MB, Maker: Sony
  * Device tree is enabled.
  * This Raspberry Pi supports user-level GPIO access.
    -> See the man-page for more details
    -> ie. export WIRINGPI_GPIOMEM=1
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+-Pi Zero--+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 | BCM | wPi |   Name  | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name    | wPi | BCM |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 |     |     |    3.3v |      |   |  1 || 2  |   |      | 5v      |     |     |
 |   2 |   8 |   SDA.1 |   IN | 1 |  3 || 4  |   |      | 5V      |     |     |
 |   3 |   9 |   SCL.1 |   IN | 1 |  5 || 6  |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   4 |   7 | GPIO. 7 |   IN | 1 |  7 || 8  | 1 | ALT0 | TxD     | 15  | 14  |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   |  9 || 10 | 1 | ALT0 | RxD     | 16  | 15  |
 |  17 |   0 | GPIO. 0 |   IN | 0 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 1 | 1   | 18  |
 |  27 |   2 | GPIO. 2 |   IN | 0 | 13 || 14 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |  22 |   3 | GPIO. 3 |   IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 4 | 4   | 23  |
 |     |     |    3.3v |      |   | 17 || 18 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 5 | 5   | 24  |
 |  10 |  12 |    MOSI |   IN | 0 | 19 || 20 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   9 |  13 |    MISO |   IN | 0 | 21 || 22 | 0 | IN   | GPIO. 6 | 6   | 25  |
 |  11 |  14 |    SCLK |   IN | 0 | 23 || 24 | 1 | IN   | CE0     | 10  | 8   |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   | 25 || 26 | 1 | IN   | CE1     | 11  | 7   |
 |   0 |  30 |   SDA.0 |   IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN   | SCL.0   | 31  | 1   |
 |   5 |  21 | GPIO.21 |   IN | 1 | 29 || 30 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |   6 |  22 | GPIO.22 |   IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.26 | 26  | 12  |
 |  13 |  23 | GPIO.23 |   IN | 0 | 33 || 34 |   |      | 0v      |     |     |
 |  19 |  24 | GPIO.24 |   IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.27 | 27  | 16  |
 |  26 |  25 | GPIO.25 |   IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.28 | 28  | 20  |
 |     |     |      0v |      |   | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN   | GPIO.29 | 29  | 21  |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+----++----+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
 | BCM | wPi |   Name  | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name    | wPi | BCM |
 +-----+-----+---------+------+---+-Pi Zero--+---+------+---------+-----+-----+
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

I2C

ADS1015

install

https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_GPIO

and

https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_ADS1X15

and then you can run exmaple from Adafruit_Python_ADS1X15's exmaples folder.

you will need to detect what busses you have and what devices. To list avilable busses: 

i2cdetect -l

list features for bus: 

i2cdetect -F 1

to dump addresses with devices on bus "1" do this: 

i2cdetect 1

WARNING! This program can confuse your I2C bus, cause data loss and worse!
I will probe file /dev/i2c-1.
I will probe address range 0x03-0x77.
Continue? [Y/n] Y
     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f
00:          -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 48 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

now edit example pythons to use the values you found.

if you get: 

"RuntimeError: Could not determine default I2C bus for platform."

then you installed Adafruit_Python_ADS1X15 but not Adafruit_Python_GPIO

i2c stuff

used adafruit wonderful clear funtional guide: https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-4-gpio-setup/configuring-i2c

Copied a python script from here htu21d.py https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=44&t=76688

https://github.com/dalexgray/RaspberryPI_HTU21DF

RTC Setup

did this, it worked:

http://www.raspberrypi-spy.co.uk/2015/05/adding-a-ds3231-real-time-clock-to-the-raspberry-pi/

temp + pressure

I'd like to do this:

BME280 I2C

http://www.raspberrypi-spy.co.uk/2016/07/using-bme280-i2c-temperature-pressure-sensor-in-python/

AWs IOT python style

http://docs.aws.amazon.com/iot/latest/developerguide/iot-device-sdk-c.html

https://github.com/aws/aws-iot-device-sdk-python

List of devices

name: pi

so very original.

    • RTC
    • temp sensor
    • python send to aWS IOT MQ
    • [/]
    • notable Config.txt
dtparam=i2c1=on
dtparam=i2c_arm=on
dtparam=i2s=on
dtparam=spi=on

dtoverlay=dwc2

enable_uart=1
start_x=0
gpu_mem=16
    • cmdline.txt
dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait modules-load=dwc2,g_serial
    • Suffered catastrophic file system corruption. David (talk) 21:55, 3 January 2018 (UTC)
    • the lone script and datafile were not lost.

/etc/network/interface 

# some comments
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

iface eth0 inet manual

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.151
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.28
    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet static
    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

wpa suplicant 

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=GB

network={
        ssid="gopher"
        psk="XXX"
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}


name: rubusnil

    • Jessie
    • nodejs --version v0.10.29
    • Dual light sensors
    • Pending middle ware ( node-red ? )

pi zero pinout



pi zero the original 

[    0.000000] Linux version 4.4.38+ (dc4@dc4-XPS13-9333) (gcc version 4.9.3 (crosstool-NG crosstool-ng-1.22.0-88-g8460611) ) #938 Thu Dec 15 15:17:54 GMT 2016
[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb767] revision 7 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387d
[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
[    0.000000] Machine model: Raspberry Pi Zero Rev 1.3
[    0.000000] Kernel command line:
    dma.dmachans=0x7f35
    bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=656
    bcm2708_fb.fbheight=416
    bcm2708.boardrev=0x900093 bcm2708.serial=0xbcfc0185
    smsc95xx.macaddr=B8:27:EB:FC:01:85
    bcm2708_fb.fbswap=1
    bcm2708.uart_clock=48000000
    bcm2708.disk_led_gpio=47
    vc_mem.mem_base=0x1ec00000
    vc_mem.mem_size=0x20000000
    dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0
    console=ttyAMA0,115200
    console=tty1
    root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
    rootfstype=ext4
    elevator=deadline
    fsck.repair=yes
    rootwait
[    0.000000] Memory: 436516K/458752K available (6063K kernel code, 437K rwdata, 1844K rodata, 376K init, 726K bss, 14044K reserved, 8192K cma-reserved)
...
[    0.665568] raspberrypi-firmware soc:firmware: Attached to firmware from 2016-12-09 15:11

PI the inegrated wifi

WebCam

v4l2-ctl --list-devices --verbose -D -L 

Microsoft LifeCam NX-3000 (usb-20980000.usb-1):
        /dev/video0

VIDIOC_QUERYCAP: ok
Driver Info (not using libv4l2):
        Driver name   : uvcvideo
        Card type     : Microsoft LifeCam NX-3000
        Bus info      : usb-20980000.usb-1
        Driver version: 4.9.35
        Capabilities  : 0x84200001
                Video Capture
                Streaming
                Extended Pix Format
                Device Capabilities
        Device Caps   : 0x04200001
                Video Capture
                Streaming
                Extended Pix Format
                     brightness (int)    : min=0 max=5 step=1 default=-8193 value=2
                       contrast (int)    : min=0 max=6 step=1 default=57343 value=3
                     saturation (int)    : min=0 max=6 step=1 default=57343 value=4
                            hue (int)    : min=-2 max=2 step=1 default=-8193 value=0
 white_balance_temperature_auto (bool)   : default=1 value=1
                          gamma (int)    : min=1 max=2 step=1 default=57343 value=2
           power_line_frequency (menu)   : min=0 max=2 default=2 value=2
                                0: Disabled
                                1: 50 Hz
                                2: 60 Hz
      white_balance_temperature (int)    : min=2600 max=6500 step=1300 default=19505 value=6500 flags=inactive
                      sharpness (int)    : min=0 max=9 step=1 default=57343 value=2
         backlight_compensation (int)    : min=0 max=1 step=1 default=57343 value=0
                   pan_absolute (int)    : min=-36000 max=36000 step=3600 default=0 value=0
                  tilt_absolute (int)    : min=-36000 max=36000 step=3600 default=0 value=0
                  zoom_absolute (int)    : min=0 max=10 step=1 default=57343 value=0
                     brightness (int)    : min=0 max=5 step=1 default=-8193 value=2
                       contrast (int)    : min=0 max=6 step=1 default=57343 value=3
                     saturation (int)    : min=0 max=6 step=1 default=57343 value=4
                            hue (int)    : min=-2 max=2 step=1 default=-8193 value=0
 white_balance_temperature_auto (bool)   : default=1 value=1
                          gamma (int)    : min=1 max=2 step=1 default=57343 value=2
           power_line_frequency (menu)   : min=0 max=2 default=2 value=2
                                0: Disabled
                                1: 50 Hz
                                2: 60 Hz
      white_balance_temperature (int)    : min=2600 max=6500 step=1300 default=19505 value=6500 flags=inactive
                      sharpness (int)    : min=0 max=9 step=1 default=57343 value=2
         backlight_compensation (int)    : min=0 max=1 step=1 default=57343 value=0

dmesg 

[ 4902.764657] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00021501
[ 4902.964546] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using dwc_otg
[ 4902.964813] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00001101
[ 4903.198462] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=045e, idProduct=0721
[ 4903.198479] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 4903.198503] usb 1-1: Product: Microsoft LifeCam NX-3000
[ 4903.198510] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: Microsoft
[ 4903.317047] media: Linux media interface: v0.10
[ 4903.362560] Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[ 4903.866314] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Microsoft LifeCam NX-3000 (045e:0721)
[ 4903.866827] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
[ 4903.877818] uvcvideo 1-1:1.0: Entity type for entity Processing 5 was not initialized!
[ 4903.877851] uvcvideo 1-1:1.0: Entity type for entity Selector 4 was not initialized!
[ 4903.877890] uvcvideo 1-1:1.0: Entity type for entity Camera 1 was not initialized!
[ 4903.879831] input: Microsoft LifeCam NX-3000 as /devices/platform/soc/20980000.usb/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/input/input0
[ 4903.881492] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo
[ 4903.881522] USB Video Class driver (1.1.1)

v4l2-ctl --list-formats-ext

what is is set to now? 

v4l2-ctl -V

set it to something new: 

v4l2-ctl -v height=640 -v width=480 -v pixelformat=YUYV

apt-get install vlc 

cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0 :v4l2-standard= :input-slave=alsa://hw:0,0 :live-caching=300 :sout="#transcode{vcodec=WMV2,vb=800,scale=1,acodec=wma2,ab=128,channels=2,samplerate=44100}:http{dst=:8080/stream.wmv}"

Then surf to http://192.168.1.151:8080/stream.wmv


Generic Setup process

Pre boot

  • etcher
  • rasbian image
  • boot files:

config.txt 

dtoverlay=dwc2
enable_uart=1
dtparam=i2c_arm=on
dtparam=i2s=on
dtparam=spi=on

serial speed: 115200

cmdline.txt 

modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

empty ssh file in /

pi@raspberrypi.local

  • wireless setup /etc/network/interfaces
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface default inet dhcp
  • wifi file: /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
network={
    ssid="Deluxe"
    scan_ssid=1
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    psk="XXX"
}


network={
    ssid="gopher"
    scan_ssid=1
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
    psk="XXX"
}

secure user account

create user account.

give new account same groups as pi user.

lock down pi user 

$id pi
uid=1000(pi) gid=1000(pi) groups=1000(pi),4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),27(sudo),29(audio),44(video),46(plugdev),60(games),100(users),105(input),109(netdev),997(gpio),998(i2c),999(spi)

make your new users like thepi user: 

export USER="fartypants"
for i in pi adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users input netdev gpio i2c spi
do
usermod -a -G ${i} ${USER}
done

for i in adm dialout cdrom sudo audio video plugdev games users input netdev gpio i2c spi
do
deluser pi ${i}
done

AP relay setup

reference: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/access-point-routed.md 


          +- Router ----+
          | Firewall    +-WIFI-(10.23.45.2)-)))
(Internet)+ DHCP server |
          |             +       |                 +- AX1500 ----+
          +-+-----------+       +-(192.168.1.114)-+             +-WIFI-(192.168.51.1)-)))
            |                   |                 |             |
            +-LAN-(192.168.1.28)+                 +-------------+


                      +- PiTwo ----+
                      |            +-WIFI-(192.168.4.1)-)))
(192.168.51.230)-WIFI-+ DHCP server| wlan1
      wlx40a5ef0f87b6 |            + dhcp----+
                      +------------+
Retrieved from "https://wiki.quadratic.net/index.php?title=Raspberry_pi&oldid=5377"